بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
أقدم لكم اليوم درس مهم في اللغة الاسبانية
اتمنى ان ينال إعجابكم
¿Qué estás haciendo en este momento?
¿Qué estabas haciendo ayer a la misma hora?
¿Qué estarás haciendo mañana a la misma hora?
Close your eyes and imagine yourself somewhere else.
¿Qué estás haciendo?
Keep notes in your notebook.
Do "ciudad/zoo" activity and "Parapracticar" on separate paper to be turned in.
Formación
The present participle- gerundio- (="ing" in English) is easy to work with and only has a few idiosyncrasies. First let's look at how it is formed.
The present participle- gerundio- (="ing" in English) is easy to work with and only has a few idiosyncrasies. First let's look at how it is formed.
- AR verbs- Drop AR and add ANDO. hablar> hablando, trabajar> trabajando
- ER & IR verbs- Drop ER/IR and add IENDO: comer> comiendo, escribir>escribiendo, etc.
Are there any "weird" or irregular verbs? Of course, but they are all logical, so it should be easy to remember the changes.
Stem
Changing Verbs
Only IR verbs change, and the change is either E>I or O>U. AR & ER verbs don't have a stem change in the gerundio. Let's look at some examples:
Only IR verbs change, and the change is either E>I or O>U. AR & ER verbs don't have a stem change in the gerundio. Let's look at some examples:
- seguir (e>i): siguiendo
- dormir (o>ue): durmiendo
- mentir (e>ie): mintiendo
- contar (o>ue): contando
- perder (e>ie): perdiendo
"Y"
verbs
When you have a verb ending in a vowel +ER/IR, change the I in IENDO to Y. It looks better and sounds better. You've done this before. Do you remember the tense? Look at the examples:
When you have a verb ending in a vowel +ER/IR, change the I in IENDO to Y. It looks better and sounds better. You've done this before. Do you remember the tense? Look at the examples:
- leer>leyendo
- caer>cayendo
- huir>huyendo
Impress me. Why didn't "seguir" change?
(In previous section) It fits the rule, doesn't it?...Or does it?????
Two other things:
IR changes to yendo. "IENDO" doesn't look like a word.
PODER > pudiendo. It sounds better
than "podiendo".
¡Vamos a practicar un poco! En tu libreta escribe el gerundio para los verbos siguientes.
- firmar
- correr
- creer
- abrir
- morir
- pensar
- decir
- buscar
- pedir
- tener
- venir
- atraer
- reír
- ir
- ser
- construir
Gocheck your answers (Click «BACK» to return to this spot)
How did you do? That's it. You now know how to form the gerundio.
Object
Pronouns and the gerundio
Is there anything else you need to know about the gerundio in terms of its formation? Of course. Why else would I ask? Where would you put an object pronoun if you have a gerundio? Good question. There are three times when you can attach an object pronoun (direct, indirect or reflexive, or even double) on the end of a verb- if the verb is in the infinitive form (...para despertarme), if it's an affirmative command (¡Despiértate!), or if it's a gerundio (Estoy despertándome). Regardless of the verb, if you add a pronoun on the end of a gerundio, you must write an accent on the A or E before the N. It should be noted that the pronoun can also preceed the main verb (usually estar, as you will shortly see).
Is there anything else you need to know about the gerundio in terms of its formation? Of course. Why else would I ask? Where would you put an object pronoun if you have a gerundio? Good question. There are three times when you can attach an object pronoun (direct, indirect or reflexive, or even double) on the end of a verb- if the verb is in the infinitive form (...para despertarme), if it's an affirmative command (¡Despiértate!), or if it's a gerundio (Estoy despertándome). Regardless of the verb, if you add a pronoun on the end of a gerundio, you must write an accent on the A or E before the N. It should be noted that the pronoun can also preceed the main verb (usually estar, as you will shortly see).
Try to do these. Do the same as you
did above, but put the stated pronoun on the end. If you don't practice
it, you won't be able to do it.
- lavarme
- levantarnos
- pedirlo
- comprarlas
- leerla
- quejarte
So what is it used for? First of all,
it's
always used as an action- never as a noun. (This is ironic, because
by definition, that is what the gerund is in English.) Do you remember,
(and I hope you do) whatform of the verb is always used as a noun? It's also never
used after a preposition. Whatdo you use after a preposition?
So we know what it is not. Let's look
at what it is.
We saw that the infinitive can be used to
show that you observedsomeone do something. Vimos al hombre robar el banco. We saw
the man rob the bank. Oímos a la mujer cantar en
el concierto. We heard the woman sing in the concert. The
use of the infinitive in these expressions signifies that you saw the entire
action. If we were to use the gerundio in the same sentences...Wait!
Let's just do it and see what happens!
- Vimos al hombre robando el banco. > We saw the man (while he was) robbing the bank.
- Oímos a la mujer cantando en el concierto. > We heard the woman (while she was) singing in the concert.
Do you see and understand the difference?
In these sentences the entire action was not seen or heard, just part of
it AS IT WAS IN PROGRESS.
Actividad: Go on an adventure and make
observations of what you see and hear people doing (not what they
did). Make a list of 3 "Vi" and 3 "Oí" oraciones.
The gerund can also stand by itself to mean
"By .......ing" or "While ( if, when, because one....) + verb". Huh?
Look at the following examples. They're the best way to understand
this.
- Estudiando, sacarás notas mejores. By studying (If, When, Because you study), you will get better grades.
- Viajando en los países de habla española, aprenderán a hablar bien el español. By (While) traveling in Spanish speaking countries, they will learn to speak Spanish well.
- Te sentirás mejor dejando de fumar cigarillos. You'll feel better by stopping smoking.
Actividades:
- Think of things you can do that by doing so, something in your life will change. Make a set of 5 frases like those in the examples. Gerundio clause, + future tense clause.
- Make a sign for the classroom- academic or behavioral advice.> By............ing,.............something will happen. Choose a verb to work with and clear it through your teacher so that there are not any repeats.
Another very common use of the gerund is poetic.
It goes along with the observation use. Close your eyes and picture
yourself in some really special lugar, estación o tiempo.
Imagine actions that you see, hear, smell, taste and/or feel happening.
Make a poem using the gerundio to express this.
- Pájaros cantando
- Niños jugando con alegría en la arena
- Palmeras bailando en las brisas
Make your list of 10 such frases. Add adjectives
and/or prepositional phrases. Call it your "Oda a .......(whatever
your lugar especial es)."
The gerundio is used after the verb PASAR
and a period of time to express the time duration of an action. Look
at these examples:
- Pasé dos horas estudiando. I spent two hours studying.
- Ellos pasaron media hora arreglándose para la fiesta. They spent a half hour getting ready for the party.
How is this different from the "hace + time period
+ que + action in the present" construction I know you remember?
Compare and answer the question on your own.
- Hace tres años que toco el piano. I've been playing the piano for three years.
- Hace seis meses que sigo esta clase. I've been taking this class for six months.
Do you see a difference? The "Pasar
+ gerundio" sentences are talking about "uninterrupted" actions- how long
you have been working at a specific activity. The "Hace" sentences
deal with general activities you do- not specific uninterrupted activities.
A real structure activity! Put the information
together to form complete sentences saying how much time people spent doing
something. Use the verb "PASAR" in the preterite.
ejemplo: Yo/hablar con mis padres/ 1
hora >Pasé
una hora hablando con mis padres.
- Yo/ducharse/15 minutos
- Ellos/estudiar/2 horas
- Tú/escribir el informe/3 semanas
- El profesor/leer los proyectos/ 4 noches
- Mi amigo y yo/ reírse por teléfono/ media hora
As part of a compound verb structure, it is
the equivalent of the English "...ing". The "to be" verb used with
this is ALWAYS estar. Estar + gerundio
= to be + "ing". This is called the progressive tense- it can
be past, present, future, whatever. It signifies that at that time
something is (was, will be, etc.) happening. It's what is going
on at the moment.
- Los chicos están jugando. The boys are playing
- Ellos estaban comiendo. They were eating.
- Mañana estaremos viajando por la ciudad. Tomorrow we will be traveling around the city.
- Estuve leyendo hasta que ellos llegaron. I was reading until they arrived.
| Nota importante: It cannot be used to express anything other than what is happening at the stated time. For example: In English we might say, "I am leaving tommorow." In Spanish this would be expressed by the simple present (Mañana me voy/salgo.), or the "ir a " construction- (Mañana voy a salir.). You may not use the present progressive for this. |
Actividades:
- Haz una excursión por la ciudado por el parquezoológico.
- Una actividad reflexiva. Answer the following questions using the present progressive tense. Be logical. Tell what people are doing with the item mentioned.
Ejemplo: ¿Por qué
tienes el jabón?> Estoy lavándome las manos.
- ¿Por qué tiene Juana el espejo?
- ¿Por qué tienen Uds. la pasta dentrífica?
- ¿Por qué tienes la hoja de afeitar?
- ¿Por qué tienen los chicos el rimel?
- ¿Por qué tengo yo el cepillo?
Otra actividad con pronombres objetivos.
Imagine you have the items in the following questions. The questioner
asks what you are doing to the item, but respond using the appropriate
object pronoun- (lo, la, los, las). Attach it to the end of the gerundio,
and remember to add an accent on the vowel before the "n". Don't
repeat any verbs. Try to be creative.
ejemplo: ¿Qué
haces con la carta? > Estoy enviándola a mi amiga en
Venezuela.
- ¿Qué haces con el helado?
- ¿Qué haces con el periódico?
- ¿Qué haces con la revista?
- ¿Qué haces con las fresas?
- ¿Qué haces con la cerveza?
- ¿Qué haces con los pantalones?
The gerundio is also used frequently after some other verbs. Each has its own significance, so follow along.
It is used after the verbs seguir and
continuar
to mean "to keep on (continue, still be) doing something".
- Seguiré (Continuaré) estudiando español. I will keep on studying Spanish.
- Ellos continuaron hablando. They kept on talking.
- Sigan buscando el mapa. Keep looking for the map.
After the verb ir, the gerundio is used
to express that something is going on sloooooowly or gradually.
- Los novios van andando por la playa. The couple goes walking slowly along the beach.
- Los estudiantes van aprendiendo la lengua. The students are gradually learning the language.
The gerundio can be used after any verb
of motion to signify that something was happening when the "motion" action
took place.
- Ellos entraron gritando. They entered yelling.
- Los alumnos vienen a clase temblando. The students come to class trembling.
- Salió llorando. He left crying.
- Se cayó riéndose. He fell down laughing.
Got it?
Just for fun, ...or practice, ...or because
you have to, complete the following sentences with a gerundio lógico
and whatever else will complete the sentence creatively. Don't repeat
any verbs, por favor. Escoge
10.
- La orquesta estaba....................................y nosotros estábamos....................................
- Los estudiantes siguen..........................y el profesor va a..........................................
- Voy a pasar el fin de semana........................con...................
- Siempre me divierto..........................en...........................
- El otro día, entré en mi casa................................................porque..............................
- Cuando era niño (a), venía la escuela..............................porque.........................
- Cuando lo vimos, el profesor estaba...........................................y.................................porque...................
- Yo seguiré....................................................porque.........................................
- Yo no seguiré..................................................porque............................................
- Mis padres estaban.........................................cuando............................................
- Yo voy...................................y................................................
- Mañana estaremos....................................................en..................................
- Nunca me divierto...............................................porque.................................
- Ayer salí de la escuela......................................porque........................................
Godo a Spanish On Line Lesson. Take the test and send the results to me.
firmando, corriendo, creyendo, abriendo, muriendo,
pensando, diciendo, buscando, pidiendo, teniendo, viniendo, atrayendo,
riendo, yendo, siendo, construyendo
lavándome, levantándonos, pidiéndolo,
comprándolas, leyéndola, quejándote
Pasé quince minutos duchándome.
Ellos pasaron dos horas estudiando.
Pasaste tres semanas escribiendo el informe.
El profesor pasó cuatro noches leyendo los proyectos.
Mi amigo y yo pasamos media hora riéndonos por teléfono.
Ellos pasaron dos horas estudiando.
Pasaste tres semanas escribiendo el informe.
El profesor pasó cuatro noches leyendo los proyectos.
Mi amigo y yo pasamos media hora riéndonos por teléfono.